Xenadrine Review
In a study
funded by Cytodyne Technologies, the makers of Xenadrine
Rfa 1, researchers put subjects on a cross-training fitness
program three days a week. Half the group was given Xenadrine
and the other half a placebo.
Upon the conclusion of the eight-week study, researchers found
that the Xenadrine review group increased the rate of fat-loss
significantly more than the placebo group. Xenadrine also reduced
test subject's total body-weight which left the subjects significantly
leaner and more toned. The study was published in the prestigious
journal, Current Therapeutic Research and presented at
the annual conference of the North American Association for the
Study of Obesity.
In another Cytodyne Technology-funded clinical study, researchers
from Eastern Michigan University studied Xenadrine's effectiveness
on 20 obese individuals. Half the group received Xenadrine and
the other half a placebo. At the conclusion of the six-week study,
the Xenadrine test subjects lost 524% more total fat and 759%
more weight than the placebo group. These numbers are even more
impressive when you consider that at the same time they were losing
the fat, the Xenadrine review group actually gained 61% more lean
body mass.
This study was published in the Journal of Exercise Physiology,
May 2001.
While many people would question the validity of clinical studies
that are funded by the manufacturer of the product in question,
the combination of ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin is a widely
documented nutritional method of inducing weight-loss. Numerous
studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the ingredients contained
in Xenadrine Rfa 1. (For a discussion of what results you can
expect when taking Xenadrine, see Xenadrine
Results.)
Xenadrine
Review: Ingredients In Xenadrine Rfa 1
Ephedrine
and Caffeine
Renowned weight-loss
expert Arne Astrup, MD, and his associates performed a study with
ephedrine at the University of Copenhagen and two Danish hospitals.
Five young females were given 20 mg of ephedrine three times per
day one hour before meals and were told to continue eating normally.
Even though there was no dieting involved, the women lost an average
of 2.5 kg of body weight after four weeks and 5.5 kg after 12
weeks. They also held onto their lean muscle, while their body-fat
percentage dropped by 3.5% after four weeks and 5.2% after 12
weeks. Two months after the experiment stopped, they had only
gained back 0.5 kg. The only side effect was a mild rise in blood
pressure at the start of the experiment.
Two studies by the same Danish researchers indicate the benefits
of combining ephedrine with caffeine. In both studies, the participants
took a supplement with 20 mg of ephedrine and 200 mg of caffeine
three times per day. They also followed a low-calorie diet. In
the first study, the test subjects lost 16.2% of their body weight
in 24 weeks, significantly more than the 13.4% loss by the placebo
group. The second study confirmed that most of this loss was body
fat. In that eight-week study, the E/C group lost 10.1 kg, compared
to only 8.4 kg with the placebo. But the E/C group lost twice
as much fat (9.0 kg vs. 4.5 kg) and much less fat-free mass (1.1
kg vs. 3.9 kg). Only mild side effects were reported.
The E/C combination has been studied extensively, but space limitations
do not allow a detailed listing of the numerous studies that have
showed weight loss benefits. All of this research, however, does
support the effectiveness of the E/C stack and demonstrates the
moderate level of side effects when you take appropriate dosages.
(For more information on the side effects of Xenadrine Rfa 1,
see Xenadrine Side Effects.)
Willow bark extract
Several studies have shown that aspirin contributes to energy
expenditure, particularly in obese individuals. It appears to
do this by raising the body's internal "thermostat,"
so that the increased production of heat produced by E/C products
does not trigger a response by the body. This allows fat burning
to continue longer than it otherwise would. Although no study
has compared the benefits of the E/C stack with and without willow
bark, the effects are probably similar to those of aspirin.
Citrus aurantium
A study published in Current Therapeutic Research recently
investigated the weight-loss benefits of a supplement containing
Citrus aurantium, caffeine and St. John's wort. The researchers
divided 23 overweight individuals into three groups. One was given
the Citrus aurantium combination. Another group got a placebo,
while the third group did not receive any supplement. All of the
subjects followed the same exercise and diet routine for six weeks.
By the end of the experiment, the Citrus aurantium group had lost
13% of their fat mass while increasing their basal metabolic rate
by 3%. While the St. John's wort, an herbal antidepressant, may
have reduced appetite to some extent (people tend to eat more
when they are depressed), the researchers felt that the synephrine/caffeine
part of the formulation was the primary reason for the benefits
in fat loss and enhanced metabolism. No published studies have
examined the benefits of Citrus aurantium on its own.
L-tyrosine
Research suggests that supplementing with tyrosine may minimize
the degradation of the neurotransmitters involved in the metabolic
process while enhancing the thermogenic effects of the ECA stack.
With more raw material available, the neurotransmitters controlling
metabolism are produced at a higher level with beneficial results.
The increases in alertness and energy level will also make it
easier to stick to your diet program.
Ginger root
Ginger has a long history of use as a treatment for motion sickness.
In one double-blind, placebo-controlled study by Danish researchers,
naval cadets unaccustomed to sailing in rough seas were given
1 gm of ginger root or placebo every hour for four hours. The
ginger root reduced the tendency toward vomiting and cold sweating.
Thermogenic formulations only produce gastrointestinal distress
in some sensitive individuals, so ginger should definitely be
able to relieve these much milder symptoms. There are no studies
showing that ginger by itself has fat-burning properties.
Acetyl-L-carnitine
While carnitine is discussed in many different review articles
as a factor in fat metabolism, there is little research on the
benefits of carnitine supplementation. One study at the University
of Connecticut found that L-carnitine tartrate reduces the muscle
disruption that usually occurs during weight training by 41% to
45%. Since exercise should be an important part of your weight-loss
strategy (both to build muscle and to increase caloric expenditure),
this ought to promote your fat-burning efforts by enhancing your
recovery from the rigors of your workout program.
Because acetyl-L-carnitine contains an acetyl group, it can boost
the levels of acetyl-CoA (an important intermediary in energy
production) and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This can increase
your attention span and energy level, indirectly helping you to
stick to your diet program. No published studies have looked at
the thermogenic potential of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine
together or separately.
Fisetin
Fisetin helps caffeine and Citrus aurantium to work better by
boosting the effects of epinephrine. Rat studies have shown a
greater mobilization of fat-burning enzymes in the fat cells after
fisetin administration. This is likely due to the greater delivery
of epinephrine through the beta-adrenergic receptors of the fat-call
membrane.
Magnesium phosphate
In a study published in the Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology,
researchers studied the effects of phosphate supplementation on
metabolic rate during a weight-loss program. For eight weeks,
36 overweight women followed a 1,000-calorie diet and were instructed
to maintain their normal activity patterns. During the first four
weeks, half of the women took a phosphate supplement while the
other half consumed a placebo. In the second four weeks, the groups
switched. The women in the phosphate group had resting metabolic
rates that were 12% to 19% higher than those in the placebo group.
According to the researchers, this was due to the supplement's
ability to maintain the level of thyroid hormone T3 higher than
it otherwise would have been.
DMAE
DMAE can enhance acetylcholine function in the central nervous
system. The end result in more energy and alertness, potentially
boosting your willpower as you cut your calories. While DMAE has
been shown to increase mental functioning in many disease conditions
(including Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit disorder),
no one has yet studied its impact on fat loss as a separate supplement.
To compare
prices of Xenadrine Rfa 1 among dozens of top on-line sites, see
Cheapest Xenadrine Online.
For more information
about how Xenadrine Rfa 1 works, see Does
Xenadrine Work.
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